Noteworthy — When first introduced to microbes, we quickly learn to divide them into aerobes and anaerobes. Then we qualify those titles with modifiers to yield such classes as facultative anaerobes, obligate aerobes and strict anaerobes. Read more →
Wait, What? extracurricular DNA (eDNA)
by Christoph — Among biologists, DNA is a household term, the acronym for desoxyribonucleic acid, which hardly anyone pronounces in full. But can you find your way around the zoo of prefixes that are in use and in most cases are not separated from 'DNA' by a hyphen, as for example in Z-DNA? cccDNA, rcDNA (ocDNA), mtDNA, ecDNA, cDNA, bDNA, gDNA (chrDNA), kDNA, xDNA, rDNA, tDNA, ssDNA,… and eDNA. Read more →
Protections and Interactions in the Beewolf Nursery
by Tobias Engl — Beewolves, their larvae, and their Streptomyces symbionts not only use multiple, largely different classes of chemical compounds to protect themselves against detrimental microbial competitors. To be most effective, these compounds are produced and deployed in a precisely timed sequence. Beewolves are solitary digger wasps that hunt on bees, paralyze them and provision single eggs with... Read more →
Re: Limitations of LB Medium
by Christoph — Say, you are a student in a molecular genetics lab course or a more advanced cloning expert, you will inevitably have to deal with E. coli. And to make E. coli bacteria grow quickly, standard protocols almost always suggest using LB medium as a "rich medium". You follow the protocol... Read more →
Of Terms in Biology: Edaphon
by Roberto — Soil, the material on the surface of the ground on which plants grow, is itself teeming with life. And there's a term that unifies all that life as an interconnected whole: edaphon. Though it is seldom found in the scientific literature, I will argue that it should be more widely taught and used. Read more →
The Deep Biosphere – A Video
by Roberto — It may be because it carries on so very slowly or because it is so deeply buried. Who knows, but I find the abundant microbial life of the deep biosphere thoroughly mesmerizing. That's why I was thrilled by a video on the subject that Memo Berkmen – long-time friend and STC fan – brought to my attention. It's only natural that I now share it with you. Read more →
Extreme ORFs
by Roberto — If you were to plot the frequency of all known open reading frames (ORFs) as a function of the number codons they contain you'd see a broad distribution showing an average of about three hundred codons and a long tail of very long ORFs. Just for fun, what are the very end points of the graph? What is the longest ORF known? And the shortest? Read more →
...rosette is a rosette. (3|3)
by Christoph — Among the Alphaproteobacteria, a number of species from phylogenetically distantly related orders are known for forming rosettes during growth. Despite commonalities, they all have their own peculiarities when it comes to the first cell‑cell contact(s) during "rosetting". Phaeobacter inhibens (order Rhodobacterales) cells attach to each other by their "sticky ends" at one pole... Read more →
...rosette is a rosette is a... (2|3)
by Christoph — I like to imagine that microscopists in the late 19th century who looked at water samples were happily surprised when they saw organized structures of cell clusters in the whole tangle of protists and bacteria, which they then liked to call “rosettes” because these were structures known from botany. And on closer inspection, it turned out that some of them were actually bacterial rosettes… Read more →
Rosette is a rosette is a... (1|3)
by Christoph — I dare say that every biologist was blown away when they, a decade ago or so, first saw pictures of spherical rosettes that choanoflagellates can and readily do form. Is this emergent multicellularity? Skilled microscopists had long been aware of such "rosettes" among (some) bacteria, but they never made it into the canon of bacterial shapes as they only form under certain growth conditions. Read more →