Small Things Considered

Friend & Foe

by Christoph | In a post two month ago, I referred to 'defensive symbioses'. In a nutshell: one or more symbiotic bacteria produce a cocktail of antibiotics that provide protection of a eukaryotic host against an array of opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens. I introduced the term not in contrast but... Read more →

Even More Antibiotics In The Nursery!

by Christoph | We had learned earlier that Philanthus triangulum  beewolves – solitary digger wasps that prey on bees, hence their name – employ a "cocktail" of nine different antibiotics to protect their offspring from detrimental fungal infections. The antibiotics are produced – I repeat from the earlier post – by a bacterial symbiont, 'Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi', which the... Read more →

Microbes Make the Most of Milk

by Rachel Diner | For the first year of our lives most of what we eat is milk. In fact, during the first four months it is the only thing we eat. For mothers, both breast milk and formula are popular options for getting a baby nourished, and while both breast milk and formula have the essentials needed to survive,... Read more →

Pictures Considered #45. A Gauze Bandage

by Christoph | What resembles a snippet of a gauze ban­dage, a fabric made by the 'warp and weft' tech­ni­que of weav­ing on a loom, is ac­tu­al­ly an elec­tron-mi­cro­sco­pic pic­ture of a frag­ment of the sheath of the ar­chae­on Me­tha­no­trix con­ci­lii that grows in fi­la­ments si­mi­lar to many cy­a­no­bac­te­ria. The pic­ture – I see it as a piece... Read more →

One Grain of Sand

by Christoph | Microbiologists face three problems today when talking to fellow biologists or any curious audience: the numbers of pro­kar­yo­tes and unicellular eukaryotes, their diversity, and their tininess. Sure, one can do the maths and juggle with numbers. That's entertaining, and everybody is amazed when they learn that microbiologists easily count up to 10⁸ individual cells in an E. coli  colony... Read more →

Heat, Hydrogen, and Togas

by Elio | Extremophilic microbes, especially the thermophilic ones, are exceedingly interesting for many industrial processes. And why not, be­ing that high temperatures prompt faster enzymatic reactions. Pre­sent-day uses for such organisms include the production of poly­sac­cha­ri­de-, lipid-, and protein-degrading enzymes among many. It is worth re­mem­ber­ing that this pursuit was initiated by... Read more →

A Lakeside Tale

by Christoph Weigel | How small are bacteria ? And how big can they get as single cells ? For the lower end of the size scale, we know since the work of Jill Banfield's team that a multitude of ultra-small bacteria exist with a spherical diameters of ~0.25 µm and calculated cell vol­umes of ~0.009 µm³. Much larger are newborn cells of Escherichia coli  with a length of... Read more →

Island Stories and Venus's Hair

by Christoph Weigel | El Hierro is the last in a row of islands in the Canary archipelago, Atlantic Ocean: the farthest west and farthest south, the smallest, and youngest. Its geographic coordinates 27°45'N 18°00'W translate to a longitude of ~450 km west of the Moroccan coast, and to the latitude of Tampa, Florida. All Islas Canarias are... Read more →

All Quiet on the Bacterial Front –The Evolution of Sterilization Techniques

by Ananya Sen | The main purpose of disinfection and sterilization, then and now, is to counter the spread of microbes, especially patho­gens. Although the causative mechanism of disease progression was unknown, scientists postulated a connection between putrefaction and the dissemination of disease. Therefore, they set out to eliminate the effects of decomposition to reduce... Read more →

Tales of Mystery and Imagination (2/2)

by Daniel P. Haeusser | Early attempts from the 1970's to detect peptidoglycan in PVC superphylum members failed, lead­ing to the accepted conclusion that the periplasm of the majority of its species lacked a cell wall. These early experiments involved classical techniques of peptidoglycan detection through bio­che­mi­cal purification and characterization of sacculi, and observation by electron microscopy. In more recent years, as genome sequencing... Read more →